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- Endocytosis ENDOCYTOSIS is the process by which eukaryotic cells internalize extracellular fluid, macromolecules, and particles into membrane-bounded vesicles. It involves invagination of the plasma membrane, followed by the release of free vesicles into the cytoplasm, and can occur by several biochemically distinct mechanisms [1]. It is believed to be essential for cell viability and is required for numerous functions including: the acquisition of essential nutrients [2] (see e.g. PLASMA LIPOPROTEINS AND THEIR RECEPTORS); the clearance of unnecessary, damaged (e.g. desialylated serum glycoproteins) or potentially harmful components (e.g. secreted lysosomal hydrolases or proteases) from the extracellular medium; the processing and presentation of MHC class II-dependent antigens [3] (see ANTIGEN PROCESSING AND PRESENTATION); the TRANSCYTOSIS of molecules across epithelia [4]; cellular responses to GROWTH FACTORS and CYTOKINES [5]; and the regulation of cell surface antigen expression. In addition, endocytosis is utilized by a range of pathogens to gain entry to the cell; examples include viruses (e.g. SEMLIKI FOREST VIRUS and INFLUENZE VIRUS), and bacteria (e.g. Legionella pneumophila) and protozoa (e.g. Toxoplasma gondii and Leishmania donovani). Certain plant and bacterial toxins (e.g. RICIN and DIPHTHERIA TOXIN) also enter the cell by endocytosis [1].
Extraction Method: Medical Objects-
Eliminated words list: MedlinePlus List
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Similarity Method: Keyword Count
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Database: Medline abstracts
Publication Type: All
Score Calculation Method: Cosine Similarity Method
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Results computed on: 6/9/2006
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