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- T cell activation In the course of a normal immune response, the binding of ligand (normally the antigenic complex of peptide and MHC MOLECULE) to the T CELL RECEPTOR complex (TCR-CD3) on the surface of a T CELL initiates intracellular changes, usually leading to the proliferation of the T cell concerned and the production of LYMPHOKINES. The transduction of the signal through the cell membrane requires the presence of TCR-CD3 and the associated co-receptors CD4 or CD8. Activation entails the stimulation of at least two second-messenger generating pathways: (1) two PROTEIN KINASES (pp56lck and pp59fyn) associated with CD4 and TCR polypeptides respectively, phosphorylate the h chain of the CD3 complex (see T CELL RECEPTORS); (2) they also phosphorylate and activate PHOSPHOLIPASE C, which then generates the second messengers diacylglycerol and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (see SECOND MESSENGER PATHWAYS). These processes lead to mobilization of intracellular Ca2+, the influx of extracellular Ca2+ (see CALCIUM), and activation of PROTEIN KINASE C.
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