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- T cell receptor(s) The T cell receptor is the structurally variable antigen-specific receptor present on the surface of T lymphocytes (T CELLS). T cell receptors, which are essential to the IMMUNE RESPONSE, differ in several ways from the cell- surface IMMUNOGLOBULINS which serve as antigen receptors on B lymphocytes (B CELLS): 1 Immunoglobulins are made up of four polypeptide chains (two heavy chains and two light chains) and possess two antigen recognition sites; T cell receptors are dimers and possess only one (Fig. T3). 2 Immunoglobulins are found either as membrane-bound receptors or in a secreted form (antibodies); T-cell receptors only exist as membrane-bound surface receptors. 3 Immunoglobulins recognize soluble and native antigens; the T cell receptors only recognize protein antigens once they have been processed and converted into small peptides and bound to MHC MOLECULES at the surface of antigen- presenting cells (e.g. macrophages, monocytes, B cells and dendritic cells) (see ANTIGEN PROCESSING AND PRESENTATION; MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX) (Fig. T4). This phenomenon is known as MHC - restricted recognition or MHC restriction.
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