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- Affective disorders THE affective disorders are severe disturbances of mood that can be subdivided into depression and manic- depressive illness. As psychiatric diseases they share with SCHIZOPHRENIA the difficulties of objective diagnosis without an unequivocal physiological marker. Clinical depression is more than just a severely depressed mood; patients manifest a range of other symptoms that may include insomnia, suicidal thoughts, and losses of appetite and weight. Manic-depressive illness, often referred to as bipolar affective illness, is usually distinguished from depression (unipolar affective illness) by a cyclic alternation between depressed and elated mood, and in this latter manic state the patient can be overactive, wildly garrulous and generally excessive in behaviour. Affective disorders occur with a lifetime risk of approximately 8. They are twice as common in women than men, although this difference in incidence diminishes with increasing age. Unipolar disorder accounts for the majority of this morbidity; bipolar illness, in which there is equal sex incidence, occurs in less than 1% of the population.
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