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- gibberellin (GA) Member of a group of naturally occurring tetracyclic diterpene carboxylic acids possessing the ent- gibberellane (C20) or ent-20- norgibberellane (C19) skeletons. Currently about 90 structures have been identified in higher plants, fungi, and bacteria. Certain members act as endogenous growth substances in higher plants. Processes known to be influenced by gibberellin are stem elongation and leaf expansion, seed germination, fruit set and growth, sex expression in the flowers of some dioecious species, and flower induction in conifers. Gibberellins are present in growing plant tissues at 0.1 pmol-10 nmol g-1 fresh weight, with the highest concentrations in developing seeds. Gibberel-lin A1 (ent-3a,10b,13- trihydroxy-20-norgibberella-16-ene-7,19- dioic acid-19,10-lactone) (Fig. G24) has been shown to be the primary endogenous gibberellin that regulates stem elongation in several species. The mechanism of gibberellin action has been most studied in the aleurone layer of germinating cereal grains where they induce the synthesis and secretion of hydrolytic enzymes into the endosperm.
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